Most of the islands are found on the west side of the gulf. The gulf contains 37 major islands – the two largest being Isla Ángel de la Guarda and Isla Tiburón. See also: List of islands of Mexico § Gulf of California (Faunal regions are distinguishable based on the specific types of animals found there. Transition zones exist between faunal regions, and they usually vary for each individual species. One recognized transition zone is termed the Southwestern Baja California Peninsula. The Gulf of California includes three faunal regions: The International Hydrographic Organization defines the southern limit of the gulf as: "A line joining Piaxtla Point (latitude 23☃8'N) on the west coast of the mainland of Mexico, and the southern extreme of Lower California". Gilbert of the United States Fish Commission visited the area. In the 19th century Duflot de Mofras of France and C.H. Juan de Oñate reached the gulf overland in 1605 by following the Colorado River. The marine expeditions of Fortún Ximénez, Hernán Cortés, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Francisco de Ulloa, Hernando de Alarcón, Captain Francisco de Lucenilla, and Sebastián Vizcaíno document its earliest record. Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates.
Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics. Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui.
It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). The Gulf of California ( Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés ( Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea ( Mar Bermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland. Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California
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